This research seminar aims to review old, new and putative oncogenic addictions and their biomarkers, as well as, how the cancer immunity operates and could be therapeutically boosted. It will focus on comprehensive description of molecular alterations observed in NSCLC that could be identified and targeted and on a better understanding of the anti-tumoral immunity. It will provide information of new technological diagnostic approaches to identify molecular alterations and explore the immune system within the tissue, in attempt to better select patients for targeted therapies.