The aim of this ERS Research Seminar is to gather experts and young researchers in the field of lung cancer screening, to review up-to-date knowledge, address hurdles and barriers, identify new research opportunities and promote ambassadorship for lung cancer screening.  It will focus on the practical implementation of lung cancer screening, with particular emphasis on one of the biggest challenges for the future: targeting the ‘hard-to-reach’ population of current and former heavy smokers.  The seminar will provide insights on the different aspects involved in screening participation. Numerous stakeholders will share their views, and will address the hurdles that need to be tackled before lung cancer screening can be implemented in daily practice. This will aid attendees in preparing a roadmap for implementation in their own country.